About Kaluga

Kaluga is a city and administrative centre of Kaluga oblast (province), western Russia, west of Moscow on the Oka River. Founded in the 14th century as a stronghold against the Tatars on the southern borders of Muscovy, it later became a seat of provincial administration. In the early 17th century it was devastated by Cossacks, plague, and fire, and in the winter of 1941 it was held by the Germans. Nowadays, it is a river port, railway junction, and an industrial center producing railroad and electrical equipment and turbines. The population of Kaluga is about 341,300.